France

French Courts Confront AI Hallucination Issues

French courts in 2026 are confronting AI-induced issues including hallucinations (false or non-existent case law references) and misuse of generative AI in legal filings, signaling emerging judicial responses to AI reliability in legal practice.

n° 25BX02906 (M. B. c. Préfet de la Vienne)

Lawyer appeared before the CAA Bordeaux. Fabricated: Case Law | Le conseil a cité « CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302 », que la cour a constaté comme n'existant pas et a invité à vérifier la référence.

No. 25BX02906

Lawyer appeared before the CAA Bordeaux. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302'; the court states this decision does not exist.

Arcom and CNM inquiry into discovery, exhibition, and publishing of musical works in audiovisual media and digital platforms

On 19 February 2026, the Audiovisual and Digital Communication Regulatory Authority (Arcom) and the National Music Centre (CNM) close a public consultation as part of an inquiry into discovery, exhibition, and publishing of musical works in audiovisual media and digital platforms. The consultation asks for stakeholder input on the impact of audiovisual media and digital platforms on music discovery, talent promotion, and editorial practices, including through the role of algorithms, paid prio...

Competition Authority inquiry into competition dynamics in the online video content creation sector

On 18 February 2026, the French Competition Authority published an opinion on the competitive functioning of the online video content creation sector, following an inquiry launched in May 2024. The Authority observes that the sector is concentrated around a limited number of platforms, notably YouTube, TikTok, Instagram and, to a lesser extent, Twitch. Barriers to entry and limited substitutability between platforms contribute to creators’ dependence on a small number of intermediaries, resul...

National Commission on Informatics and Liberty lawsuit into GERS, Santestat, and Cegedim Sante over allegations of unlawful health data processing

On 13 February 2026, the Council of State rejected three appeals brought by GERS, including as successor to Santestat, and by Cegedim Santé against administrative fines imposed by the National Commission on Informatics and Liberties (CNIL) for unlawful processing of health data. The Court held that pseudonymised data contained in the two health databases, “Thin” and “Gers Études clients”, remained personal data under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) because reidentification was p...

Mme Y

Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TA Rennes.

Competition Authority inquires into competitive state of the conversational agent sector

Following the decision to start inquiries ex officio into the competitive functioning of the conversational agents sector, as announced on 9 January 2026 , the Autorité de la concurrence is launching a public consultation, as part of the preparation of its opinion.

SAS La Volumerie

Lawyer appeared before the TA Rennes. Fabricated: Case Law

Content moderation regulation in Bill on protecting minors from the risks arising from the use of social networks

On 26 January 2026, the National Assembly passed at first reading, under the accelerated procedure, the Bill aimed at protecting minors from the risks associated with the use of social networks. The adopted text provides that, where information is suggested or ranked for accounts identified as belonging to minors through profiling-based recommendation systems, the service provider is deemed to exercise editorial activity. It also specifies the presentation formats concerned, including persona...

AI chatbots to be scrutinized by French antitrust sector inquiry

Following on from Opinion 24-A-05 of 28 June 2024, which analysed the competitive functioning of the generative artificial intelligence (AI) sector, in particular the upstream segment of the value chain where generative AI models are designed and trained, and its study on the competition issues surrounding the energy and environmental impact of AI, the Autorité de la concurrence is now starting inquiries ex officio into the competitive functioning of the conversational agent sector, located downstream in the value chain. While the downstream segment of the value chain currently appears dynamic

N° 2506461

Lawyer appeared before the TA Orléans. Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CAA Lyon decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. Outcome: Admonishment.

M. [C] c/ CAF de la [Dpt CAF]

Lawyer appeared before the TJ Périgueux. Fabricated: Case Law | The claimant cited jurisprudence references that did not correspond to published decisions; the court flagged the references as likely AI-generated 'hallucinations' and gave pourvoi n°16-26694 as an example of a misreferenced decision. Outcome: Warning.

Competition Authority study on competition-related issues concerning impact of artificial intelligence

On 17 December 2025, the Competition Authority published a report on competition-related issues concerning the energy and environmental impact of artificial intelligence (AI). In the report, the Authority examined the electricity consumption of data centres and the environmental impact of AI in relation to resources such as water, rare metals, and land. On the basis of these findings, the Authority points out three competition-related issues, namely access to energy and its cost control, the ...

Competition Authority publishes a report on competition-related issues concerning the energy and environmental impact of AI

Primary source (autoritedelaconcurrence.fr) dated 17 December 2025 in FR. See linked source for full text.

Case n° 2512468

Competition Authority investigation into Microsoft over allegations of abusive practices in search syndication and online advertising sectors

On 27 November 2025, the French Competition Authority rejected Qwant’s complaint against Microsoft, as well as its request for interim measures. Qwant, active in the general online search sector and partly using Microsoft technology since 2016, had alleged that Microsoft abused a dominant position and a situation of economic dependence through exclusivity, tied selling, restrictions on AI model development, and discrimination in access to search-related online advertising. The Authority outli...

Paris Public Prosecutor's Office investigation into TikTok over allegations of illicit transaction, data processing impairment, and suicide promotion

On 4 November 2025, the Paris Public Prosecutor's Office launched a preliminary investigation into TikTok following a report by MP Arthur Delaporte, which raised concerns about the platform’s insufficient moderation, easy access for minors, and algorithmic promotion of content that could lead vulnerable users to suicide. The Cybercrime Unit of the Paris Police Prefecture is examining three alleged offences, including facilitating illicit transactions through the platform, altering the functio...

Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris

Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)