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CN — Country Profile

China (People's Republic of China)

224TOTAL
106OFFICIAL SOURCES
30TOPIC AREAS
Law / Act7
Policy / Guidance10
National Strategy34
Standard / Framework39
International Agreement6
Working Paper8
Court Case5
News / Press18
Other97
AI GovernanceAgentic AiAntitrust & CompetitionAutonomous SystemsChips & Data CentresComputeCopyright & IpCybersecurityData Privacy & ProtectionDeepfakesDefense & National SecurityDefense & SecurityEducationEnergyGenerative AIHealth & Life SciencesHuman Rights & EthicsJudicial & Law EnforcementLiability & AccountabilityLogistics & InfrastructureNational StrategyOnline Safety & Child ProtectionPublic Sector & GovernanceRisk ManagementSandboxStrategyTrade & InvestmentTransparency & ExplainabilityTransportTransportation
National Strategy✓ Official

New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan (国务院关于印发新一代人工智能发展规划的通知)

Issued by China's State Council as Guofa [2017] No. 35, this landmark plan set China's goal to become the world's primary AI innovation centre by 2030. It outlined a three-step roadmap: by 2020, match the leading AI nations; by 2025, achieve major breakthroughs in AI theory and technology; by 2030, attain world-leading status. The plan identified AI as a strategic technology and called for investment across foundational research, key technologies, infrastructure, and talent development. It also addressed AI governance, data resources, and international standards.

8 July 2017National StrategyAI Governance
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Standard / Framework✓ Official

New Generation Artificial Intelligence Ethics Standards (新一代人工智能伦理规范)

China's Ministry of Science and Technology issued the New Generation AI Ethics Standards to guide the ethical development, deployment, and governance of AI systems in China. The document establishes six ethical principles: enhancing human welfare, promoting fairness and justice, protecting privacy and security, ensuring controllability and trustworthiness, strengthening accountability, and improving ethical literacy. It applies to both domestic and international AI activities involving Chinese entities and provides a framework for managing ethical risks across the AI lifecycle, from design and development to deployment and maintenance.

25 September 2021AI GovernanceData Privacy & ProtectionTransparency & Explainability
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Policy / Guidance✓ Official

Wuhan Smart Connected Vehicle Road Testing and Demonstration Application Management Rules (Trial)

Jointly issued by the Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, Wuhan Public Security Bureau, and Wuhan Municipal Transportation Bureau (Document No. 武经信[2022]89), these trial rules govern road testing and commercial demonstration of autonomous and connected vehicles in Wuhan. The regulations specify application procedures, safety requirements, testing zones, incident reporting obligations, and liability frameworks for operators of intelligent connected vehicles. Wuhan is one of China's leading autonomous driving pilot cities, hosting operations by robotaxi companies including Apollo/Baidu.

2022Autonomous SystemsTransportationRisk Management
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Working Paper✓ Official

China issues trial measures for ethical review of AI technology

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has issued a trial guideline on the ethics review and service of AI. This guideline, developed in collaboration with ten government departments, emphasizes the need for technological innovation in AI ethics review and the implementation of technical measures to mitigate ethical risks associated with AI. It outlines key review focuses including human well-being, fairness, justice, controllability, and trustworthiness, while addressing specific issues such as training data selection criteria, algorithm rationality, and measures to prevent bias and discrimination. Additionally, the guideline promotes the orderly open-sourcing of high-quality datasets, the development of risk management and auditing tools, and the encouragement of AI products that adhere to ethical standards and protect intellectual property rights.

3 April 2026Human Rights & Ethics
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Other✓ Official

Cyberspace Administration of China drafts measures for digital virtual human services

The Cyberspace Administration of China has drafted the Administrative Measures for Digital Virtual Human Information Services to promote the healthy development and standardized application of such services, soliciting public comments until 6 May 2026. These measures, formulated in accordance with various cybersecurity and data protection laws, outline the responsibilities of service providers and users, emphasizing the protection of personal rights, the prohibition of harmful content, and the necessity for consent when using sensitive personal information. The State Internet Information Office will oversee governance, while local departments will manage regional compliance. The draft encourages industry self-regulation, innovation, and adherence to social ethics, with penalties for violations including fines and service cessation. The measures also define key terms related to digital virtual humans and stipulate that additional regulations may apply in specific sectors like healthcare and finance.

3 April 2026Online Safety & Child ProtectionData Privacy & Protection
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Other✓ Official

China targets quantum leadership and AI expansion in 15th 5 Year Plan

China has positioned quantum technology and AI as the primary pillars of its latest 15th 5 Year Plan (2026-2030), aiming to secure global leadership in advanced science while bolstering national security and economic growth. This comprehensive policy blueprint, released during the National People’s Congress, outlines an aggressive "AI+ Action Plan" to integrate AI across various sectors—including healthcare, manufacturing, and logistics—to address structural issues like labor shortages and an aging population. Beyond AI, the strategy prioritizes high-tech frontiers such as quantum computing, 6G communications, humanoid robots, and brain-machine interfaces, categorizing them as "new quality productive forces" essential for future industrial competitiveness. China further plans to develop hyper-scale computing clusters, invest in basic research, foster domestic scientific talent, and build an integrated space-earth quantum communication network. These initiatives also reflect a strategic shift toward technological self-reliance, driven by geopolitical tensions and export controls from the United States, with additional long-term goals including breakthroughs in nuclear fusion, reusable heavy-lift rockets, and the establishment of a lunar research station.

5 March 2026Trade & InvestmentStrategy
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Standard / Framework✓ Official

China issues new rules classifying online content harmful to minors

China has introduced new regulations to classify online content potentially harmful to minors, aiming to enhance their online protection. Jointly issued by eight government departments, including the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the measures identify four categories of harmful content: (1) material that may induce harmful behavior, (2) negatively influence minors' values, (3) misuse minors' images, and (4) improperly disclose their personal information. Online content producers and service providers are required to implement preventive measures, and platforms are prohibited from prominently displaying such content. These regulations will take effect on 1 March 2026.

24 January 2026Online Safety & Child ProtectionData Privacy & Protection
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National Strategy✓ Official

President Xi calls AI "epoch-making" as China pushes innovation strategy

During a study session at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasised the importance of securing a strong start to the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030). President Xi highlighted the need for a comprehensive understanding of the strategic arrangements for economic and social development outlined at the fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. Among other topics, President Xi highlighted the need to advance domestic technology, including AI, through a "whole-of-nation" approach. Key quotes include: (1) "In this wave of technological revolution, frontier technologies such as AI, quantum computing and biotech are emerging. Among them, AI is the most eye-catching"; and (2) "[AI] is considered the next epoch-making technological transformation, comparable to the changes brought about by the steam engine, electricity and the internet". President Xi's focus aligns with China's broader strategy, including his push to foster "new productive forces" to sustain growth over the coming years and break the US chokehold on technologies in the AI sector and cutting-edge chips. The Communist Party leadership traditionally holds such sessions at the start of each year to outline priorities for senior officials.

20 January 2026National Strategy
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Other

China rolls out 'AI plus manufacturing' plan to drive industrial upgrade

China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Cyberspace Administration of China and six other Chinese authorities have jointly issued an implementation plan for a nationwide “AI plus manufacturing” initiative, setting out policy goals to accelerate the integration of AI technologies into manufacturing and support industrial upgrading. The plan sets out 21 measures across seven areas, including innovation foundations, application-driven empowerment, product breakthroughs, ecosystem building, security governance and international cooperation. It calls for stronger inter-agency and central-local coordination, guidance to curb excessive competition, better use of funding channels, large-scale application pilots, and new monitoring systems to track industry scale and global trends.

8 January 2026CybersecurityAntitrust & Competition
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National Strategy✓ Official

President Xi touts China’s AI and tech advancements in new year speech

In his 2026 New Year Speech, Chinese President Xi Jinping highlighted China’s achievements in AI and the chip industry in a triumphant New Year’s Eve speech as he called for more confidence in the country’s development path in the year ahead - "We integrated science and technology deeply with industries, and made a stream of new innovations. Many large AI models have been competing in a race to the top, and breakthroughs have been achieved in the research and development of our own chips. All this has turned China into one of the economies with the fastest growing innovation capabilities...Humanoid robots did kung fu kicks, and drones performed spectacular light shows. Inventions and innovations have boosted new quality productive forces and added colorful dimensions to our lives".

31 December 2025National Strategy
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Other✓ Official

China issues draft rules to regulate AI with human-like interaction

The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) has released a draft of the "Interim Measures for the Management of Artificial Intelligence Human-like Interactive Services" which aim to tighten oversight of AI services designed to simulate human personalities and engage users in emotional interaction. The proposed rules would apply to AI products and services offered to the public in China that present simulated human personality traits, thinking patterns and communication styles, and interact with users emotionally through text, images, audio, video or other means. The proposed measures would: (1) require service providers to assume safety responsibilities throughout the product lifecycle and establish systems for algorithm review, data security and personal information protection; (2) target potential psychological risks by requiring providers to identify user states and assess users' emotions and their level of dependence on the service; (3) require providers to take necessary measures to intervene if users are found to exhibit extreme emotions or addictive behaviour; and (4) set content and conduct red lines, stating that services must not generate content that endangers national security, spreads rumours or promotes violence or obscenity. The measures are open to public comment by 25 January 2026.

27 December 2025Generative AIOnline Safety & Child ProtectionData Privacy & Protection
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National Strategy

China adds domestic AI chips to official procurement list for first time

It is reported that, according to internal sources, China has added domestic AI chips to an official government procurement list for the first time, to strengthen its tech sector ahead of Washington’s easing of Nvidia export curbs. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently included AI processors from Chinese groups such as Huawei and Cambricon on the government-approved supplier list. The step is designed to boost the use of domestic semiconductors across China’s public sector and could generate billions of dollars in sales for local chipmakers. It is reported that guidance was circulated before US President Donald Trump announced plans to permit Nvidia to ship its advanced H200 chips to “approved customers” in China, though political pushback in both countries could still restrict those sales. Several agencies and state-owned companies have already received the unpublished procurement list, marking the first time they have been given written instructions to prioritise domestic suppliers.

10 December 2025National Strategy
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News / Press

China bans foreign AI chips in state-funded data centres amid US tensions, sources say

It is reported that, according to inside sources, the Chinese government has issued guidance requiring new data centre projects that have received any state funds to only use domestically-made AI chips, instructing projects less than 30% complete to remove foreign chips and cancel any plans to purchase them. This directive is expected to significantly impact foreign chipmakers, particularly US-based Nvidia, which has been lobbying to sell its chips in China. The move aligns with Beijing's ongoing efforts to reduce reliance on foreign technology in critical infrastructure and is anticipated to bolster domestic semiconductor companies such as Huawei, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), MetaX, Cambricon Technologies, and Alibaba.

5 November 2025Defense & National Security
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Law / Act

China approves amendment to cybersecurity law

It is reported that China's top legislature has approved an amendment to the Cybersecurity Law, set to take effect on 1 January 2026, which aims to enhance AI governance by supporting fundamental AI research, advancing key technologies like algorithms, and building AI-related infrastructure, including data resources and computing power. The amendment also emphasizes improving AI ethical standards, strengthening risk monitoring and assessment, and enhancing safety supervision, while focusing on reinforcing cybersecurity legal responsibilities and aligning with relevant laws.

28 October 2025Cybersecurity
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Law / Act

China’s Cybersecurity Law to be amended to boost AI oversight with focus on safety, data protection

It is reported that according to a spokesman for the Legislative Affairs Commission of the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, a draft amendment to China's Cybersecurity Law, set to be reviewed by the National People's Congress Standing Committee, will introduce new provisions aimed at ensuring the safe and sound development of AI. The amendment addresses emerging challenges by refining legal liabilities, expanding cybersecurity principles, and aligning with existing laws on personal data protection. A key addition is an article outlining a framework for AI safety and development, emphasizing support for fundamental research, innovation in key algorithms, enhancement of AI infrastructure, and the establishment of ethical norms. The committee's session is scheduled from 24 to 28 October 2025.

23 October 2025CybersecurityData Privacy & Protection
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Standard / Framework

New AI safety governance framework unveiled

It is reported that the 2.0 version of the Artificial Intelligence Safety Governance Framework was unveiled at the 2025 Cybersecurity Week in Kunming, Yunnan province. This updated framework, developed collaboratively by the National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of China (CNCERT/CC) and various AI institutions, builds upon its 2024 predecessor by incorporating advancements in AI technology and refining risk classifications and preventive measures. An official from CNCERT/CC emphasized that the new version aligns with global AI development trends, promoting a secure and trustworthy AI ecosystem through a collaborative governance model that spans borders, fields, and industries. The release also aims to enhance international cooperation in AI safety governance and encourage the inclusive sharing of technological achievements worldwide. The text of the updated framework has yet to be published.

15 September 2025Cybersecurity
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Standard / Framework✓ Official

AI Safety Governance Framework 2.0 adopted

China's National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee has adopted the AI Safety Governance Framework 2.0, establishing safety governance for AI applications across all sectors. The framework applies to AI developers, deployers, and operators throughout the Chinese economy, including technology companies and research institutions. It introduces a five-tier security risk classification system from "minimal" to "extremely serious" based on potential societal impact. The framework requires entities to classify their AI applications according to these risk levels and mandates regulatory authorities to develop industry-specific standards. The framework specifies obligations, including implementing eight trustworthy AI principles, including ensuring human control, respecting national sovereignty, and enhancing system transparency. Companies must establish safety guardrails, conduct risk assessments, maintain audit records, and implement human intervention mechanisms throughout AI system lifecycles.

15 September 2025CybersecurityAgentic Ai
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Standard / Framework✓ Official

China's mandatory AI content labelling standards come into effect

China's mandatory AI content labelling standards have now come into effect, requiring explicit labelling of all AI-generated content across various media formats, including text, video, audio, and virtual scenes. This regulation, developed collaboratively by four major governmental bodies, mandates both visible on-screen indicators and embedded digital watermarks to identify synthetic content. Service providers are obligated to disclose their identification practices, while users are prohibited from altering these markers. The regulation's extraterritorial scope compels foreign companies operating in China to comply, reflecting a significant step toward global AI content transparency.

2 September 2025Generative AIOnline Safety & Child Protection
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Other✓ Official

State Council releases opinions on deepening implementation of Artificial Intelligence Plus Action

China's State Council has released its opinions on deepening the implementation of the Artificial Intelligence Plus Action. The opinions set objectives for 2027, 2030, and 2035 regarding the adoption of AI applications, the growth of intelligent economy industries, and the development of an "intelligent society". It outlines actions across six areas, namely science and technology, industry, consumption, people’s livelihood, governance, and global cooperation. The opinions prescribe measures such as accelerating scientific discovery, transforming industries, innovating agriculture, developing the service sector, integrating AI in education, health, and culture, enhancing social and ecological governance, and establishing international cooperation frameworks. The opinions also specify support measures that include model research, data supply, computing power, application environments, open-source ecosystems, talent development, regulatory and ethical safeguards, and security capabilities. Organisational arrangements assign overall coordination to the National Development and Reform Commission, with implementation in each region adapted to local conditions.

26 August 2025Data Privacy & Protection
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Other✓ Official

CAC summons Nvidia over concerns of tracking in H20 chips

The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) has summoned Nvidia, requesting that the company explain the backdoor security risks associated with its H20 computing chips sold to China and submit relevant supporting documentation. The CAC cited provisions in the country's Cybersecurity Law, Data Security Law, and Personal Information Protection Law as the legal basis for the intervention in response to concerns of mature "tracking and positioning" and "remote shutdown" technologies in the chips. The statement presumably comes in response to the introduction of the Chip Security Act in the US, which calls for mandatory GPS-style tracking to be embedded in every AI chip exported from the US.

31 July 2025CybersecurityData Privacy & Protection
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National Strategy✓ Official

China announces Global AI Governance Action Plan

At the World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai, China Premier Li Qiang unveiled a comprehensive "Action Plan on Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence," calling for international collaboration to maximize the benefits and address the risks of AI. The plan urges governments, organizations, businesses, and individuals to work together on building digital infrastructure, fostering innovation, applying AI across industries, ensuring data quality and privacy, promoting green and sustainable AI development, setting international standards, leading public sector adoption, strengthening AI security, and supporting developing nations. In his accompanying speech, Premier Li also stated that (1) China will establish a global AI cooperation organization to “promote global governance featuring extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits”; (2) China will “actively promote” the development of open-source AI and share its development experience with other countries of the Global South; and (3) the importance of strengthening coordination to form a global AI governance framework that has broad consensus as soon as possible.

26 July 2025Data Privacy & ProtectionCybersecurity
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Law / Act✓ Official

China national legislature representatives deliberate a motion on enacting a comprehensive AI law

The National People's Congress (NPC) of China has published a press release announcing that its representatives have proposed a motion on the formulation of a "comprehensive and systematic artificial intelligence law to promote the construction of a strong country in the new era and Chinese-style modernization". The proposal suggests that AI legislation should focus on multiple aspects: (1) promoting innovation through increased funding, favorable financial policies, talent development, and clear industry plans; (2) classifying and regulating risks by categorising AI into prohibited, high-risk, transparency-risk, and low-risk systems, with tailored measures for each; (3) addressing social impact and ethics by mandating impact assessments, establishing ethical norms, and defining moral boundaries; (4) navigating international competition and cooperation with strategic plans and measures for global collaboration; and (5) clarifying legal responsibilities including defining illegal acts, assigning liability, establishing compensation, and outlining regulatory mechanisms.

17 June 2025Data Privacy & ProtectionAntitrust & CompetitionCybersecurity
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Standard / Framework✓ Official

China releases standardised guidelines for development and governance of intelligent society

The Secretariat of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission and the General Office of the State Administration for Market Regulation have jointly issued the standardisation guidelines for the development and governance of intelligent society. The guidelines apply to entities engaged in the research, deployment, and governance of intelligent technologies across social application scenarios, including government bodies, enterprises, and research institutes. They establish a structured mechanism for the formulation, implementation, feedback, and continuous optimisation of standards, outlining principles, impact indicators, and procedures for social experiments involving AI. The guidelines introduce a five-part standard system covering general provisions, governance principles, application scenarios, technologies, and evaluation methods, to guide responsible innovation and support the construction of an intelligent society.

10 June 2025SandboxGenerative AIAgentic Ai
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National Strategy✓ Official

President Xi urges promoting healthy, orderly development of AI

At a session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, China President Xi Jinping has called for the "healthy and orderly development of AI" in China. President Xi highlighted (1) China's strengths, such as abundant data resources, a robust industrial system, and vast market potential; (2) the need for China to leverage its advantages to uphold self-reliance and address existing gaps in core technologies such as high-end chips and foundational software; (3) the need for stronger industry-academia collaboration, policy support, talent cultivation, and improved regulatory and ethical frameworks to ensure AI development is safe, reliable, and globally cooperative; and (4) the need for international collaboration and efforts to bridge the global AI divide, especially for Global South countries, particularly the "coordination of development strategies, governance rules, and technical standards, and form a global governance framework and standard specifications with broad consensus as soon as possible".

26 April 2025National Strategy
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Working Paper✓ Official

US Select Committee on CCP releases report on DeepSeek

The US Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has released a report on national security concerns presented by DeepSeek. The report includes findings that: (1) "DeepSeek funnels Americans’ data to the PRC through backend infrastructure connected to a US government-designated Chinese military company"; (2) "DeepSeek covertly manipulates the results it presents to align with CCP propaganda, as required by Chinese law"; (3) "It is highly likely that DeepSeek used unlawful model distillation techniques to create its model, stealing from leading US AI models"; and (4) "DeepSeek’s AI model appears to be powered by advanced chips provided by American semiconductor giant Nvidia and reportedly utilizes tens of thousands of chips that are currently restricted from export to the PRC". The report recommends the US government to take swift action to expand export controls, improve export control enforcement, and address risks from PRC AI models.

16 April 2025Defense & National SecurityData Privacy & Protection
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Other✓ Official

CAC issues Security Management Measures for Facial Recognition Technology Applications

The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) and Ministry of Public Security have jointly issued the Security Management Measures for Facial Recognition Technology Applications, set to take effect on 1 June 2025. These measures (1) requires specific purpose and minimum necessary data collection; (2) mandates explicit separate consent for facial data use if the legal basis is consent; (3) prohibits internet transmission of facial data without consent; (4) limits storage duration to operational necessities; (5) compulsory impact assessments for high-risk processing; and (6) requires organisations to file records with CAC when storing 100,000+ facial templates. The measures also set out enhanced security protocols including: (1) bans on facial recognition as sole verification method where alternatives exist; (2) prioritization of national identity databases for authentication; (3) prohibition of coercive facial scans for services; (4) restriction on installation in private spaces (hotel rooms, bathrooms, etc.); and (5) requirement for encryption, access controls, and audit mechanisms.

21 March 2025Data Privacy & ProtectionCybersecurity
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Other✓ Official

China issues measures for identification of synthetic content generated by AI

The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), in collaboration with several ministries, has released new regulations and standards to manage the identification of synthetic content generated by AI. These include explicit and implicit identification requirements for service providers, compliance with existing regulations, and technical measures for content dissemination. The measures prohibit the deletion, alteration, forgery, or concealment of AI-generated content identification, with violations to be handled by competent departments. The regulations and standards will be enforced starting 1 September 2025, and include a national standard for identifying synthetic content and cybersecurity guidelines for coding rules related to AI-generated content identification.

14 March 2025DeepfakesCybersecurityOnline Safety & Child Protection
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Other

China's top legislature plans for 34 new bills, with a focus on AI, data and digital economy

According to a report submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) during the third session of the 14th NPC, Chinese legislators aim to deliberate on 34 bills in 2025, with a focus on "intensify[ing] research on legislation in emerging sectors such as artificial intelligence, the digital economy, and big data, initiate the review and overhaul of laws in specific areas, and provide guidance to joint efforts in enacting interregional legislation".

10 March 2025Generative AIData Privacy & ProtectionCybersecurity
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Other

China cautions AI leaders to avoid travel to US

It is reported that, according to inside sources, Chinese authorities have instructed top AI entrepreneurs and researchers to avoid visiting the US over concerns that (1) AI experts could divulge confidential information about the nation's progress and (2) that executives could be detained and used as a bargaining chip in US-China negotiations, drawing parallels to the detention of a Huawei executive in Canada at Washington's request during the first Trump administration. Further details of this development have yet to be revealed or confirmed.

1 March 2025Defense & National SecurityCybersecurity
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National Strategy✓ Official

China's upcoming "two sessions" expected to cover AI strategy

The annual meetings of China's top legislature, the National People's Congress (NPC), and the top political advisory body, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) are scheduled to take place this week, in an event known as the "two sessions". Among other matters (including the unveiling of the annual GDP growth target), the two sessions are expected to set out a plan or agenda for the nation's AI industry.

1 March 2025National Strategy
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National Strategy✓ Official

China President Xi holds symposium with China tech leaders

President Xi Jinping has held a symposium with some of the biggest names in China's private technology sector, such as Huawei’s Ren Zhengfei, BYD’s Wang Chuanfu, DeepSeek’s Liang Wenfeng and Alibaba’s Jack Ma. Among other comments, President Xi encouraged the private tech sector to "show their talent" and that China's governance and the scale of its market provide an "inherent advantage" in developing new industries.

18 February 2025National Strategy
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Other

Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris

60 countries, including India, China, Japan, Canada, Brazil, France and Australia, have signed a joint statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet at the AI Action Summit in Paris, with more signatories possible after the summit ends. The statement sets out priorities including "ensuring AI is open, inclusive, transparent, ethical, safe, secure and trustworthy, taking into account international frameworks for all" and "making AI sustainable for people and the planet". The statement was not signed by the US and the UK.

11 February 2025Data Privacy & ProtectionCybersecurity
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Court Case

Hangzhou Internet Court issued a ruling finding artificial intelligence platform liable for copyright infringement (Case No. Zhejiang 0192 - Civil No 1587)

The Hangzhou Internet Court has issued a ruling on the liability of an AI platform in a lawsuit concerning copyright infringement. The case was brought by Tsuburaya Productions, the rights holder of Ultraman, which argued that the platform facilitated infringement by allowing users to train and share models based on copyrighted material. The plaintiff highlighted that the platform enabled users to generate images resembling Ultraman using AI-powered low-rank adaptation models. The defendant claimed safe harbour protections, arguing it merely provided AI tools without supplying training data. The court ruled that an AI platform was liable for contributory copyright infringement after allowing users to generate images resembling Ultraman using AI-powered models. The court found that the platform had knowledge of the infringing activities, profited from them, and failed to take reasonable measures to prevent infringement. The court ordered the platform to cease the infringing activities and pay RMB 30,000 in damages.

10 February 2025Copyright & Ip
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Standard / Framework

TC260 opens consultation on draft "Artificial Intelligence Safety Standard System (V1.0)"

The National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) has opened a public consultation on the draft "Artificial Intelligence Security Standard System (V1.0)". The draft is designed to guide and standardise the development and application of AI technologies, ensuring their safe integration into various industries. This initiative aims to align with the "Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative" and support the implementation of the "Artificial Intelligence Security Governance Framework." The consultation will close on 21 February 2025.

26 January 2025Cybersecurity
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Working Paper

TC260 opens consultation on draft coding rules for service providers of AI generated synthetic content identification

The National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) has opened a consultation on the draft Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guidelines – Coding Rules for Service Providers of AI Generated Synthetic Content Identification. The draft guideline (1) aims to support the measures for identifying AI-generated synthetic content and the mandatory national standard method for identifying synthetic content in cybersecurity technology; and (2) provides coding rules for synthesis service providers and content dissemination service providers, offering guidance on the implicit identification of file metadata in AI-generated synthetic content. The consultation closes on 5 February 2025.

23 January 2025CybersecurityGenerative AIData Privacy & Protection
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National Strategy✓ Official

National Development and Reform Commission releases guidelines to support data labelling industry in support of AI

The National Development and Reform Commission, along with other data management, finance, human resources and social security departments of all provinces and autonomous regions, has announced the release of guidelines to support the growth of the data-labelling industry in China in support of AI development. The guidelines (1) outline favourable fiscal, financial, and tax policies to support data-labelling companies; (2) establish data-labelling hubs; (3) promote application of AI in government services, urban governance, and rural revitalisation; and (4) create or revise national standards for professions related to AI training and data labelling.

13 January 2025National Strategy
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Other✓ Official

Network Data Security Management Regulation enters into force

The Network Data Security Management Regulation has entered into force, following three years of discussions involving various stakeholders since the initial consultation draft was made public in 2021. This regulation provides a legal framework for managing network data processing activities. Among other requirements, this regulation requires internet platform operators to disclose algorithm policies, as well as formulation procedures and adjustment procedures.

1 January 2025Data Privacy & ProtectionCybersecurityOnline Safety & Child Protection
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Standard / Framework

China TC260 consults on cybersecurity standard practice guidelines for generative AI security emergency response

The National Technical Committee on Cybersecurity of Standardisation Administration (TC260) has opened a public consultation on cybersecurity standard practice guidelines on generative AI service security emergency response. The guide aims to help generative AI service providers manage and respond to security incidents effectively, including classification and grading of security incidents, as well as the emergency response process. The consultation remains open until 31 December 2024.

18 December 2024Generative AICybersecurity
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Standard / Framework

China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology established AI standards committee, including major tech companies

It is reported that China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) has established a 41-member AI standardization technology committee featuring executives from major tech companies like Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, and Huawei. The committee will develop and revise standards across AI vertical markets, including assessment, testing, data sets, large language models, and application development management. The committee marks a major milestone after MIIT and other government agencies announced plans for 50 sets of AI standards by 2026.

13 December 2024Generative AISandbox
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News / Press

China targets NVIDIA with antitrust probe

It is reported that China's State Administration for Market Regulation has launched an investigation into NVIDIA over suspected violations of the country's anti-monopoly law following NVIDIA'S acquisition of Mellanox Technologies in the AI and semiconductor space. This move is widely seen as a retaliatory shot against the US' latest curbs on the Chinese chip sector.

9 December 2024Antitrust & Competition
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